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Western Herbalism — Antifungal

Pau D'Arco: The Candida Fighter

The inner bark of a Brazilian rainforest tree puts holes in fungal and parasitic mitochondria. The outer bark does nothing. The market is flooded with the wrong part of the wrong species — here is how to do it right.

9 min readUpdated May 2026

Quick Facts

Latin Name

Tabebuia impetiginosa / T. avellanedae (syn. Handroanthus)

Family

Bignoniaceae

Part Used

Inner bark only (outer bark is largely inert)

Energetics

Cool, dry, bitter

Actions

Antifungal, antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-parasitic, anti-inflammatory

Best For

Candida, parasitic infection, fungal skin conditions, immune support

What It Is

Pau d'arco — "bow stick" in Portuguese, also called lapacho, taheebo, or ipe roxo — is the inner bark of several Tabebuia species native to the rainforests of Brazil, Argentina, and Paraguay. The tree is hardwood-dense; the Guarani used it for hunting bows long before they used it as medicine.

The Kallawaya healers of the Bolivian Andes have used the inner bark for centuries for infection, inflammation, and tumors. It crossed into Brazilian hospital practice in the 1960s (Santo André Hospital, São Paulo) for cancer adjunctive care and chronic infection.

The medicine is in the inner bark (cambium layer). The outer bark contains almost none of the active naphthoquinones. Cheap powdered product often includes outer bark or sawdust — verify your source.

How It Works

The active compounds are the naphthoquinones — most importantly lapachol and beta-lapachone — plus xyloidone, tabebuin, and a class of furanonaphthoquinones. These are oxidizing, redox-active molecules that selectively damage pathogen cells.

Four Mechanisms

1.
ROS generation in pathogens

Lapachol undergoes redox cycling inside fungal, bacterial, and parasitic cells, generating reactive oxygen species (superoxide, hydrogen peroxide). The pathogen's thinner antioxidant defenses get overwhelmed before human cells do.

2.
Mitochondrial membrane disruption

The naphthoquinones intercalate into pathogen mitochondrial membranes, collapsing the electron transport chain. Fungi and Trypanosoma species are particularly vulnerable.

3.
Topoisomerase II inhibition (beta-lapachone)

Beta-lapachone inhibits DNA topoisomerase II — the basis for ongoing research into its anti-tumor and anti-trypanosomal activity. Same target as several chemotherapy drugs but with different selectivity.

4.
Anti-inflammatory NF-kB suppression

Beyond the direct antimicrobial action, the naphthoquinones suppress NF-kB-driven inflammation — useful in inflammatory skin conditions and chronic infection-driven inflammation.

In vitro and animal evidence is strong against Candida albicans, Trypanosoma cruzi, Schistosoma, and several Gram-positive bacteria. Human clinical trial data is thin and mostly older — the herb remains well within traditional practice rather than evidence-based monotherapy.

Traditional Use

The Kallawaya — itinerant Andean healers whose practice dates back at least to the pre-Inca period — used pau d'arco bark decoction for fever, dysentery, ulcers, skin eruptions, and snakebite. Guarani and Tupi peoples in the Amazon basin used it for parasitic infection, wounds, and as a general tonic.

In modern Brazilian phytotherapy, lapacho tea is a staple for:

  • Candida overgrowth — oral thrush, vaginal yeast, chronic gut Candida.
  • Fungal skin conditions — tinea, ringworm, athlete's foot, fungal nail (internal + topical wash).
  • Chronic UTI and prostatitis — particularly when fungal or recurrent.
  • Parasitic infection — adjunct in giardia, blastocystis, and protozoal cases.
  • Cancer adjunctive care — Brazilian hospitals used it alongside conventional treatment from the 1960s onward.

Western herbalists adopted pau d'arco in the 1980s primarily as a Candida and biofilm-disrupting herb. It is a core component of most modern anti-Candida protocols alongside caprylic acid, oregano, and berberine.

Dosing Protocol

Decoction (Traditional, Most Effective)

The naphthoquinones are alcohol- and heat-soluble — a brief water infusion will not pull them out. Simmer or use a tincture.

  • • 1 Tbsp shredded inner bark per quart water
  • • Simmer covered 15-20 minutes
  • • Strain, drink 1 cup, 2-3x daily
  • • Refrigerate the rest; safe for 48 hours
  • • Cycle: 3 weeks on, 1 week off for Candida protocols

Tincture

  • • 1:5 in 50-60% alcohol
  • • 2-4 mL, 3x daily in water
  • • Best alcohol extraction; reliable potency
  • • Travel-friendly alternative to brewing decoction

Capsules

  • • 500-1,500 mg powdered inner bark, 2-3x daily
  • • Convenient but lower bioavailability than decoction or tincture
  • • Verify the label specifies inner bark (cambium)

Topical Wash / Sitz Bath

  • • Strong decoction (2 Tbsp per quart, simmered 30 min)
  • • Apply cooled liquid to fungal skin patches, nail beds, or as sitz bath for vaginal yeast
  • • Once or twice daily until resolved

Contraindications & Cautions

  • Pregnancy: Contraindicated. Lapachol is teratogenic in animal studies and traditionally used to induce labor.
  • Anticoagulants: Lapachol interferes with vitamin K and reduces clotting. Significant interaction with warfarin. Avoid with antiplatelets and other blood thinners.
  • Bleeding disorders: Avoid in hemophilia, von Willebrand, and active bleeding.
  • Surgery: Stop 2 weeks before any procedure.
  • High dose toxicity: Lapachol at high doses causes nausea, vomiting, and prothrombin time prolongation. Do not exceed labeled doses.
  • Adulteration is common: Market product is frequently mixed with outer bark, sawdust, or unrelated species. Buy from a vendor with botanical verification.
  • Herxheimer / die-off: Treating Candida with effective antifungals can cause flu-like symptoms as the yeast dies. Start low, hydrate, support liver and bowel clearance.
  • G6PD deficiency: Theoretical caution due to ROS-generating action; data is limited.

Best Products

Starwest Botanicals — Organic Pau D'Arco Inner Bark

Verified inner bark, cut and sifted for decoction. Reliable sourcing from Brazil. Best base for traditional preparation.

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Herb Pharm — Pau D'Arco Liquid Extract

Certified Tabebuia impetiginosa inner bark, 1:5 in organic cane alcohol. Strong extraction of the naphthoquinones; easy daily dosing.

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Nature's Way — Pau D'Arco Capsules

545 mg inner bark per cap. Convenient backup for travel or when you cannot brew the decoction. Take with water.

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